![]() In this combination, two KZ52-like antibodies neutralize the virus and a third antibody, 13C6, likely recruits immune effector functions.Ī poster by Kathryn M. An early proof of concept of this project is ZMapp therapy (Mapp Biopharmaceutical, San Diego, Calif.), which was used experimentally and successfully during the Ebola outbreak. So far, she concludes that neutralization potency does not necessarily predict the level of protection, nor is it solely sufficient for protection. This could lead to the design of an effective therapeutic formulation for clinical testing. Professor Saphire organized a global immunotherapeutic consortium in 2012 to propose and evaluate options, and with the more recent objectives of mapping the epitopes of antibodies in the field and finding predictors of efficacy. Although this one mAb was not protective, it was later found that cocktails or mixtures of mAbs were, including one that curiously did not neutralize well in vitro. It neutralizes in vitro, but does not protect primates. First, Saphire examined human monoclonal antibody (mAb) KZ52, isolated from a 1995 Ebola survivor. ![]() The focus turned to what neutralizes the virus in vitro. Other forms of the glycoprotein may act as decoys for immune agents. Once bound, this transports the virus into the cytoplasm. During endocytosis, part of the GP coat is cleaved off, exposing the receptor-binding site. Saphire showed models of Ebola to demonstrate that the complete GP on the viral surface is not the version of GP that binds receptors during infection. Ebola has only seven genes, and Saphire detailed two of them: GP, which encodes the glycoprotein on the exterior, and VP40, which assembles progeny virons and buds them from cells. Professor Erica Ollmann Saphire (The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, Calif.) opened the lecture sessions with a description of the toolkit encoded by the limited genome of viral hemorrhagic fevers, with a particular focus on Ebola virus. ![]() The 24th International Light Scattering Colloquium, which attracted about 70 scientists to the Biltmore Hotel on Butterfly Beach in Santa Barbara, Calif., November 3–4, focused on analytical characterization and analysis of nanomaterials, including biologics. ![]()
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